ABSTRACT
Resumen OBJETIVO: Analizar los posibles factores asociados con las fallas en la amplificación, los desenlaces de la euploidia y clínicos entre los embriones con repetición de la biopsia y los de una sola (grupo control). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y multicéntrico de análisis de biopsias de blastocistos practicadas en 22 centros de reproducción asistida (noviembre 2017 a febrero 2022). Se analizaron 4,106 blastocistos procedentes de 1,007 ciclos de ICSI con prueba genética para aneuplidias previa a la implantación. En los blastocistos reportados con falla en la amplificación se analizó el Centro donde se practicó la biopsia, el día en que ésta se tomó, la calidad embrionaria y la incidencia de complicaciones durante el procedimiento. Los resultados se compararon con la prueba genética para aneuploidias previa a la implantación y los desenlaces clínicos entre los embriones con repetición de la biopsia y el grupo control. RESULTADOS: En el 96.0% (3,942) de los embriones se obtuvo resultado y en el 4.0% (n = 164) se reportó falla en la amplificación. La biopsia se repitió en las 99 fallas en la amplificación y se obtuvo resultado en el 83.8% de los casos. Las tasas de euploidia fueron similares entre embriones con repetición de la biopsia y los controles (34.9 en comparación con 39.7%; p > 0.05). El Centro fue el único factor que mostró diferencias en las tasas de falla en la amplificación (p < 0.05). No se observaron diferencias en el día de la biopsia o la calidad embrionaria. Las tasas de embarazo (51.0 en comparación con 58.3%), implantación (63.9 en comparación con 61.5%) y aborto (16.9 en comparación con 28.6%) fueron similares entre embriones con una sola biopsia o repetición de ésta, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El Centro fue el principal factor que influyó en las fallas en la amplificación. Las tasas de euploidia y los desenlaces clínicos no difirieron entre el grupo control y los embriones con repetición de la biopsia; por consiguiente, se recomienda repetir la biopsia en los embriones con falla en la amplificación.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze possible factors associated with amplification failures, euploidy and clinical outcomes between repeat and single biopsy embryos (control group). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study involving 4,106 blastocysts from 1,007 ICSI cycles with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy performed by next generation sequencing. In case of DNA amplification failure, the IVF center where biopsies were performed, the day of biopsy, the embryo quality and the incidence of complications during biopsy were analyzed. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy results and clinical outcomes were compared between re-biopsied embryos and the control group. RESULTS: Of the 4,106 blastocysts included in this study, 96.0% (3,942) obtained a result while 4.0% (164) had an amplification failure. Ninety-nine embryos with amplification failure were re-biopsied and 83.8% resulted in an informative diagnosis. Euploidy rates were equivalent between re-biopsied and control blastocysts (34.9% vs 39.7%, P>0.05). The only factor significantly affecting the amplification failure rates was the IVF center. No differences were observed between biopsy days or embryo quality. Pregnancy (51.0% vs 58.3%), implantation (63.9% vs 61.5%) and miscarriage rates (16.9% vs 28.6%) were similar between single and repeat biopsied embryos, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The centre was the main factor influencing amplification failures. Euploidy rates and clinical outcomes did not differ between the control group and repeat biopsied embryos; therefore, repeat biopsy is recommended for embryos with amplification failure.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (niPGT-A) aiming to assess cell-free embryonic DNA in spent culturemedia is promising, especially because it might overcome the diminished rates of implantation caused by the inadequate performance of trophectoderm (TE) biopsy. Our center is part of the largest study to date assessing the concordance between conventional PGT-A and niPGT-A, and we report here the delivery of the first baby born in Brazil using niPGT-A. The parents of the baby were admitted to our center in 2018. They did not present history of infertility, and they were interested in using in vitro fertilization (IVF) and PGT-A in order to avoid congenital anomalies in the offspring. A total of 11 (3 day-5 and 8 day-6) expanded blastocysts were biopsied, and the spent culture media (culture from day-4 to day-6) from 8 day-6 blastocysts were collected for niPGT-A. Overall, 7 embryos yielded informative results for trophectoderm (TE) and media samples. Among the embryos with informative results, 5 presented concordant diagnosis between conventional PGTA and niPGT-A, and 2 presented discordant diagnosis (1 false-positive and one falsenegative). The Blastocyst 4, diagnosed as 46, XY by both niPGT-A and conventional PGTA, was warmed up and transferred, resulting in the birth of a healthy 3.8 kg boy in February 2020. Based on our results and the recent literature, we believe that the safest current application of niPGT-A would be as a method of embryo selection for patients without an indication for conventional PGT-A. The approximate 80% of reliability of niPGT-A in the diagnosis of ploidy is superior to predictions provided by other noninvasive approaches like morphology and morphokinetics selection.
Resumo Abordagens para o teste genético pré-implantacional não-invasivo para aneuploidias (non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies, niPGT-A, em inglês) com o objetivo de avaliar o DNA embrionário livre são promissoras, especialmente porque estas podem reverter as menores taxas de implantação causadas por inadequada biópsia de trofectoderma (TE). Nesse contexto, nosso centro é parte do maior estudo atual que avalia as taxas de concordância entre PGT-A convencional e niPGT-A, e relatamos aqui o nascimento do primeiro bebê brasileiro após niPGT-A. Os pais do bebê foram admitidos no nosso centro em 2018. Eles não apresentavam histórico de infertilidade, e estavam interessados em utilizar os tratamentos de fertilização in vitro (FIV) e PGT-A para evitar anomalias congênitas na progênie.Umtotal de 11 blastocistos expandidos (3 do dia-5 e 8 do dia-6) foram submetidos a biópsia, e os meios de cultivo condicionados (cultivo do dia-4 ao dia-6) de 8 blastocistos do dia-6 foram coletados para niPGT-A. No total, resultados informativos para as amostras de TE e dos meios foram obtidos para sete embriões. Entre os embriões com resultado informativo, 5 apresentaram diagnóstico concordante entre PGT-A convencional e niPGT-A, e 2 apresentaram diagnóstico discordante (1 falso positivo e 1 falso negativo). O Blastocisto 4, diagnosticado como 46, XY por ambos niPGT-A e PGT-A convencional, foi desvitrificado e transferido, o que resultou no nascimento de ummenino saudável, que pesava 3,8 kg, em fevereiro de 2020. Com base em nossos resultados e literatura contemporânea, acreditamos que a aplicação atualmais segura do niPGT-A seria como método de seleção embrionária para pacientes sem indicação ao PGT-A convencional. A confiabilidade aproximada de 80% do niPGT-A para determinação da ploidia ainda é superior àquela obtida com abordagens não invasivas, como seleção morfológica ou morfocinética.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Preimplantation Diagnosis , Blastocyst , Brazil , Fertilization in Vitro , Genetic Testing , Reproducibility of Results , AneuploidyABSTRACT
The development of new genomic technologies has strengthened the influence of genetics in all medical specialties; reproductive medicine is no exception. The introduction of new genetic tests to daily clinical practice, together with the complexity of genetic information and its potential psychological burden, make specialized genetic counseling essential. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) has become an almost routine procedure in assisted reproduction treatments. Nevertheless, in Peru, patients usually receive none or inadequate corresponding genetic counseling, which hinders informed decision-making.
El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías genómicas ha potenciado la influencia de la genética en todos los campos de la medicina, en donde la medicina reproductiva no es la excepción. La frecuente introducción de nuevas pruebas genéticas en la práctica clínica diaria, junto con la complejidad de la información genética y su potencial carga psicológica, hacen indispensable el asesoramiento genético especializado. En este contexto, el diagnóstico genético preimplantacional para aneuploidías (PGT-A) se ha convertido en un procedimiento casi de rutina en los tratamientos de reproducción asistida. Sin embargo, en el Perú, en la gran mayoría de casos los pacientes no reciben el asesoramiento genético correspondiente o este no es el adecuado, que no permite una toma de decisiones informada.